Vascular dementia is a general term describing problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, memory and other thought processes caused by brain damage from impaired blood flow to your brain.You can develop vascular dementia after a stroke blocks an artery in your brain, but strokes don't always cause vascular dementia. Whether a stroke affects your thinking and reasoning depends on your stroke's severity and location. Vascular dementia can also result from other conditions that damage blood vessels and reduce circulation, depriving your brain of vital oxygen and nutrients.Factors that increase your risk of heart disease and stroke - including diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and smoking - also raise your vascular dementia risk. Controlling these factors may help lower your chances of developing vascular dementia.